Chop the vegetables, press the tofu (if used), and measure your liquids and seasonings.
Warm olive oil in a Dutch oven or large skillet on medium heat.
Add onions, carrots, and garlic, cooking until softened (about 5 minutes). Add the mushrooms and cook until they release their liquid and start to turn golden brown.
Add the seitan, tofu, or jackfruit to the pan. Sear until golden, stirring occasionally, for about 5-7 minutes.
Pour in the red wine, scraping the bottom of the pan with a wooden spoon to release any browned bits. Let the wine simmer for 5 minutes.
Add vegetable broth, tomato paste, thyme, bay leaves, salt, and pepper. Stir well, reduce the heat to low, cover, and simmer for 30-40 minutes. Stir occasionally.
Taste the stew and adjust the seasoning. Add red wine vinegar for a touch of acidity and balance.
Garnish with fresh parsley and serve hot with crusty bread, mashed potatoes, or rice.